Diamonds: The Indestructibility Myth Explained

October 13, 2024

When we think of diamonds, we often envision images of unbreakable strength and timeless beauty. These precious gems symbolize resilience, status, and luxury, earning them a place as one of the most coveted gemstones in the world. They are often labeled "indestructible," a term that only adds to their allure and mythical status. However, while diamonds are indeed the hardest natural substance on Earth, earning a perfect 10 on the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, this designation can sometimes be misleading. The truth is that, although diamonds resist scratching and can retain their sparkle through most daily wear, they are not completely invincible. In this article, we’ll explore the nuances of diamond durability, address common misconceptions, and provide essential care tips to help you keep your precious stones in pristine condition for years to come.

1. Hardness vs. Toughness

The terms “hardness” and “toughness” are often used interchangeably when discussing diamonds, but they refer to different properties that are both important to understand.

Hardness refers to a material's resistance to scratching, and diamonds excel in this regard. Due to their extreme hardness, diamonds can withstand scratching from almost any other material. For example, a diamond can scratch glass, metal, and even other gemstones with ease. This means that, practically speaking, diamond jewelry can inadvertently damage softer gemstones or metals if stored together or worn together. Because of this, it’s crucial to store diamond pieces separately to avoid unintentionally scratching other jewelry items.
Toughness, on the other hand, pertains to a material's resistance to breaking or chipping under forceful impact. Despite their renowned hardness, diamonds are somewhat brittle and can chip or break if subjected to a strong blow or struck at a particular angle. This susceptibility to chipping makes diamonds less tough than materials like jade, which, although not as hard, can better absorb impacts without damage. For individuals with active lifestyles or those who engage in physical activities, it’s essential to be mindful of the potential risks to diamond jewelry, especially rings, which are more exposed to accidental impact.

2. Chipping and Breaking

One of the most common ways diamonds sustain damage is through chipping or fracturing. Diamonds have specific crystal planes, known as cleavage planes, along which they are more likely to split if struck at a particular angle. This structural feature means that while a diamond can endure high pressure from most angles, it remains susceptible to chipping if dropped, hit against a hard surface, or exposed to a direct blow.

To reduce the risk of chipping, it’s helpful to keep the following practices in mind:

Avoid rough handling: Remove diamond rings or earrings before engaging in strenuous activities, like exercising or doing household chores that could expose the diamond to hard surfaces.
Use protective settings: Some jewelry settings are designed to shield the diamond from impact. For example, bezel settings encase the diamond's edges, offering additional protection against accidental knocks.

3. Heat and Chemicals

While diamonds have a remarkable resilience to heat and can withstand high temperatures without damage, they are not immune to the effects of certain chemicals. Over time, exposure to some substances can lead to discoloration or a dulling of the diamond’s surface.

Heat Resistance: Diamonds can endure temperatures as high as 1,652–2,192°F (900–1,200°C) without melting or deteriorating. This high heat resistance is one reason diamonds are often used in industrial applications. However, prolonged or extreme heat, such as exposure to a direct flame, can cause internal damage, particularly to diamonds with structural flaws.
Chemical Exposure: Diamonds are susceptible to certain chemicals, particularly strong acids, bases, and harsh cleaning agents. For instance, chlorine, commonly found in household cleaning products and swimming pools, can weaken the metal in jewelry settings, increasing the risk of stone loss. To avoid chemical damage, remove diamond jewelry when handling cleaning products, chemicals, or cosmetics.

4. Care and Maintenance

Proper care is essential for preserving the integrity and brilliance of your diamond jewelry. Here are some maintenance tips that can help you keep your diamonds looking their best:

Regular Cleaning: Diamonds can lose their sparkle due to buildup from everyday wear, oils, lotions, or dirt. Clean your diamond jewelry regularly with a mild soap and warm water solution. Gently scrub with a soft brush, focusing on removing any buildup that may obscure the diamond's brilliance. Avoid abrasive materials that could scratch the metal setting.
Professional Assessments: Consider scheduling annual or biannual visits to a professional jeweler for cleaning and inspection. A jeweler can examine the diamond for any signs of wear, damage, or loosening in its setting. Professional cleaning services also employ specialized equipment to restore a diamond’s sparkle without causing any harm.
Safe Storage: Store diamond jewelry in a dedicated jewelry box or soft pouch to prevent scratching. Diamonds can scratch each other as well as other gemstones, so it’s best to store each piece separately.

5. Internal Flaws and Surface Scratches

Although diamonds are known for their hardness, they are not immune to internal flaws, known as inclusions, which may weaken them.

Susceptibility to Damage: Diamonds with significant inclusions may be more prone to chipping or breaking, particularly when exposed to stress or impact. When purchasing a diamond, it’s wise to consider not just its carat weight but also its clarity, as this can provide insight into the likelihood of potential structural weaknesses.
Surface Scratches: Although rare, surface scratches can occur on diamonds, especially if they are consistently in contact with hard materials. If your diamond appears dull or lackluster, it may be due to surface scratches that require attention.

6. Addressing Scratches and Dullness

If you notice that your diamond appears scratched or has lost some of its sparkle, there are steps you can take to restore its original brilliance:

Professional Cleaning: A professional jeweler has the tools and expertise to clean diamonds safely and restore their luster. They use ultrasonic cleaners, steamers, and other professional equipment designed to lift dirt and grime from hard-to-reach areas.
Damage Assessment: Ask your jeweler to inspect the diamond for any chips, cracks, or internal flaws that might have emerged. If there are significant issues, your jeweler can advise you on repair options.
Re-polishing: For severe scratches or significant dullness, professional re-polishing can remove surface imperfections and restore the diamond's brilliance. This process involves carefully removing a thin layer of the diamond’s surface, preserving its overall shape and sparkle.
Routine Maintenance: Establishing a routine maintenance schedule with your jeweler can help you detect and address minor issues before they escalate. Regular cleanings and assessments also prevent buildup that could dull the diamond's sparkle.
Avoid DIY Polishing: While it’s safe to clean diamonds at home with gentle methods, avoid attempting to polish them yourself. DIY polishing methods can result in unintentional damage or scratches.

Conclusion

In summary, while diamonds are renowned for their hardness and ability to resist scratching, they are not completely impervious to damage. Understanding the distinction between hardness and toughness can guide you in making informed decisions about the care and maintenance of your diamond jewelry. By following proper care practices, storing diamonds safely, and consulting professionals for regular maintenance, you can enjoy your diamonds’ brilliance and beauty for years to come. With mindful attention and occasional care, these precious stones can continue to be a symbol of enduring beauty, resilience, and sophistication.

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